Clinical features, prognosis, and influencing factors of relapse in autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against cell surface antigens: a single-center retrospective study

AEASA subtypes differ significantly in demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and imaging findings, forming distinct disease spectra. Hospital stay duration, CRP, and CAR are robust, independent biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis in AEASA patients, providing important guidance for clinical risk stratification and treatment decisions. Early identification and intervention for high-risk patients with relapse potential are crucial for improving long-term prognosis.