Improved overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia over the last 15 years

This study evaluated changes in overall survival (OS) among patients diagnosed with AML from 2004 to 2019 using the National Cancer Database. The analysis included 67,895 patients aged ≥ 18 years, divided into three diagnosis eras: 2004-2010, 2011-2016, and 2017-2019. Median OS steadily improved over time: 7.6 months in 2004-2010, 8.6 months in 2011-2016, and 10.4 months in 2017-2019. The impact of age, AML subtype, chemotherapy, and HCT on OS changed over time, especially showing a stronger positive association with chemotherapy and HCT after 2017. OS remained lower in males, non-Hispanics, racial groups other than Black or White, individuals with a CCI> 0, those with public or no insurance, and those with an annual income <$35000. Our findings demonstrate that survival has improved significantly, coinciding with the introduction of venetoclax-based regimens and targeted therapies for FLT3 and IDH1/2 mutations, although disparities by socioeconomic factors persist.