Electrospinning‐Topologically Regulated <scp> F–SiO ₂ /PVDF </scp> Dual‐Gradient Nanofiber Membranes for Oil–Water Separation in Complex Aqueous Environments

ABSTRACT With the acceleration of industrialization, oil spills and oily wastewater treatment have become global environmental challenges. Electrospun oil–water separation membranes have emerged as a research hotspot due to their high porosity, adjustable structure, and ease of modification. This study takes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the base material, aiming to address the issues of uneven pore size distribution and pore collapse under high pressure difference in traditional electrospun PVDF membranes. SiO 2 phase separators are introduced to regulate the structure of PVDF membranes. However, direct addition of SiO 2 powder often leads to uneven dispersion due to the high viscosity of PVDF, reducing fiber uniformity and accelerating membrane clogging. To resolve this, this work proposes a one‐step solution blending and electrospinning method using hydrophobic PVDF as the precursor, combined with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS) and SiO 2 nanoparticles, to achieve a novel modified PVDF nanofiber membrane uniformly dispersed with surface fluorination modified SiO 2 (F–SiO 2 ). The modified membrane exhibits a water contact angle of 154.3°, and dynamic adsorption experiments demonstrate its adsorption capacity for n‐hexane reaches 6.93 times the membrane weight. In oil–water separation experiments, the F‐ SiO 2 /PVDF nanofiber membrane achieves a high flux of 3204 L·m −2 ·h −1 and a separation efficiency of 99.67%, maintaining 96% efficiency after 40 cycles.