Earth Observation Data for Finance: A Bibliometric Review and Directions for Future Research

ABSTRACT This study presents the first bibliometric review of studies that apply Earth Observation (EO) data in finance research, an area that remains nascent but rapidly developing. It identifies the most influential articles, journals, and authors, and analyzes the theoretical and methodological approaches that underpin this emerging field. The bibliometric review covers 27 articles published between 2015 and 2025 and identifies three major research clusters: (i) information asymmetry and corporate governance, (ii) alternative measures of economic activity, and (iii) environmental risk and sustainable finance. By synthesizing these contributions, the study illustrates how EO data is beginning to inform discussions on market efficiency, risk modeling, and corporate transparency. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions, positioning this review as an initial reference point for scholars and practitioners seeking to advance the integration of EO data into financial analysis and decision‐making.