Molecular innovations in medical entomology for targeting vector biology and viral pathogenesis in dengue control

Abstract Dengue virus affects millions of people annually, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where Aedes mosquitoes serve as primary vectors. Conventional control measures face limitations due to pesticide resistance, environmental concerns, and issues of host specificity. Molecular approaches offer promising alternatives, supported by growing knowledge of dengue viral genomics and protein structures, which underpins the development of antiviral therapeutics and vector-control strategies. Advances in RNA interference, CRISPR-Cas9 systems, gene-drive technologies, paratransgenesis, and Wolbachia -based interventions demonstrate notable potential for reducing dengue transmission. This review examines current molecular strategies and the related aspects of dengue pathogenesis that inform their application. While these innovations show substantial promise, they also present challenges, including high costs, extended development timelines, and ethical considerations. Ongoing research aims to balance these benefits and limitations to support sustainable long-term management of dengue.