THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF ARCHAISMS AND HISTORICISMS IN WORLD LINGUISTICS

This article examines the historical development of research on archaisms and historicisms in world linguistics. The study explores theoretical approaches to lexical obsolescence, focusing on the dynamic interaction between active and passive vocabulary layers. Drawing on Russian, Uzbek, and Western linguistic scholarship, the paper analyzes the processes of lexical archaization, semantic shift, and lexical disappearance. Particular attention is devoted to the classification of obsolete vocabulary, the distinction between obsolete and dead words, and the stylistic and cultural functions of archaic lexemes in literary and communicative contexts. The study demonstrates that lexical obsolescence is not merely a process of linguistic loss but a complex phenomenon reflecting social, historical, and cultural transformation.