Toward Eco‐Friendly Solar Energy: A Comprehensive Design of Metal Free Organic Sensitizers in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

ABSTRACT This review highlights organic dyes used for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The recent developments in organic dyes (metal‐free) for their utility in DSSCs are discussed here. The focus is on different organic frameworks like D–π–A, D–π–A–π–A, and D–A–π–A from an experimental and computational point of view. The approach toward designing organic dyes, their effective replacement of donors, π‐bridges, and acceptors on solar cell efficiency are presented here. The dye's photoelectrochemical properties provide information about the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), J sc , V oc , and FF of the photosensitizer. The adsorption of dyes to TiO 2 throws light on the charge transfer properties of dyes. The effect of co‐sensitizers on dye has also been discussed. We predict that further investigation of these donor–acceptor frameworks will result in the advancement of DSSCs and also polymer solar cells, organic solar cells (OSCs), and bulk heterojunction solar cells.