Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Revised Publication Pressure Questionnaire ( <scp>PPQr</scp> ‐J): Assessment of Reliability and Construct Validity

Abstract In academic settings, publication pressure or the demand for high publication output in prestigious journals is significantly linked to negative mental health outcomes and may lead to questionable research practices. The Revised Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQr) was developed to assess these pressures globally; however, this questionnaire has not been adapted to the unique academic environment in Japan. In this study, the Japanese version of the PPQr (PPQr‐J) was developed and validated in a sample of 272 researchers from various Japanese institutions. The translation and cultural adaptation methods used adhered to established guidelines. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We then conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the factor structure. Correlations with existing scales, including burnout indicators, the Survey Work–Home Interaction Nijmegen, and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, were examined. The EFA revealed a four‐factor model based on stress, attitude, resources, and discretion that consisted of 17 items. The PPQr‐J demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency and moderate to good test–retest reliability, with ICC for the subscales ranging from .499 to .752. CFA supported the four‐factor model with a moderate fit. Significant correlations with existing scales confirmed the validity of PPQr‐J. This study confirmed that PPQr‐J is a reliable and valid tool for assessing publication pressure among Japanese researchers, with “discretion” added as a new element.