The use of computed tomography in a case of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in a 2‐month‐old Holstein bull calf

Summary A 2‐month‐old Holstein bull calf presented with a 1‐week history of left front limb lameness. Lameness evaluation demonstrated a Grade 3/5 lameness in the left front limb. Clinical examination revealed resistance to flexion and extension of the left shoulder region, with no associated swelling or joint effusion. Radiographs showed inconclusive findings regarding a round lucent defect in the mid aspect of the left glenoid fossa. Ultrasound examination showed a small amount of joint fluid and no fibrin, which was insufficient for arthrocentesis. A computed tomography scan revealed osteomyelitis of the distal left scapula extending into the glenoid articular surface, consistent with septic arthritis. Due to the poor prognosis and future breeding soundness, the calf was euthanased. Postmortem examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis in the left scapulohumeral joint as well as erosion of articular cartilage of the glenoid fossa in the right scapulohumeral joint.