Developing Integrated BaTiO ₃ @PVDF Piezoelectric Sensor for Stable and Enhanced Real‐Time Monitoring

ABSTRACT Flexible piezoelectric sensors are promising for real‐time biomechanical signal detection but often suffer from poor integration and complex fabrication. In this study, we report the design and fabrication of an integrated flexible piezoelectric sensor composed of a barium titanate‐doped poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fibrous membrane and a directly written carbon black and poly(ε‐caprolactone) interdigitated electrode. This integrated approach enables direct coupling between the sensing layer and electrode through ink infiltration, forming a mechanically robust and electrically stable interface. The integrated sensor demonstrates reliable piezoelectric performance under various loading conditions, with stable voltage outputs from low‐frequency stimuli (0.5–2 Hz) to high‐frequency dynamic pressures (∼15 Hz). It also responds sensitively to mechanical deformations such as bending, joint motion, airflow‐induced vibration, and plantar pressure. With its high flexibility, structural robustness, and scalable manufacturing process, the sensor holds significant promise for wearable electronics and real‐time biomechanical monitoring.