Navigating the Double Edge of Product‐Service Systems: User Behavior, Adoption, and Rebound Effects

ABSTRACT Product‐service systems (PSS) have been considered a promising approach to operationalizing the circular economy. Although many studies have outlined the potential sustainability gains of PSS solutions, it is still unclear what factors drive PSS adoption and how behavioral changes result in rebound effects, undermining their potential sustainability gains. This study proposes a conceptual framework to scaffold the understanding of the links between PSS adoption, PSS performance, and rebound effects. Theoretical and empirical lenses were applied, encompassing a systematic literature review (SLR), nine semi‐structured interviews with PSS providers, and iterative deductive and inductive analyses. Eighteen behavioral factors that influence PSS adoption and thirteen indicators to measure PSS performance were identified. The conceptual framework links PSS adoption and PSS performance through rebound mechanisms, highlighting the double‐edged nature of PSS: while user behavior directly influences the adoption and the performance of the PSS, rebound mechanisms could also be activated, offsetting its performance.