Lateral Inhibitory Modulation in Selenium‐Passivated Graphene/Al <i> _x </i> O <i> _y </i> /MoS ₂ ‐Nanodisks Heterostructure Photodetectors for Visual Persistence and Glare Adaptation of the Human Visual System

ABSTRACT Bioinspired optoelectronic devices capable of emulating neural functions in the human visual system hold great potential for next‐generation visual artificial intelligence and neuromorphic vision. Here, we propose a Se‐passivated graphene/Al x O y /MoS 2 ‐naondisks (MoS 2 ‐NDs) heterostructure photodetector to mimic visual persistence and glare adaptation through material modification and circuit design. Benefiting from the localized surface plasmon resonance induced by MoS 2 ‐NDs, the photodetector achieved a responsivity of 41.06 A/W, an external quantum efficiency of 11703%, and a peak detectivity of 1.03 × 10 9 Jones under illumination at a light wavelength of 435 nm. Additionally, the photodetector with Se passivation effectively passivated the defects at the perimeter of MoS 2 ‐NDs and enhanced the photoresponse in the red to near‐infrared region, extending the spectral adaptability. The differentiated optical synaptic characteristics under repetitive light stimuli of 5‐ms biological pulses at wavelengths of 435 and 740 nm were obtained, mimicking the visual processes of visual persistence and afterimage. By integrating the photodetector with a lateral inhibitory circuit, the system successfully demonstrated glare adaptation under high‐intensity light illumination, closely resembling the retina's inhibitory response by dynamically regulating the excessive photocurrent to realize an advanced human vision system with capabilities including broadband photoresponse, adaptive light regulation, and neuromorphic vision.