Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences in UAE native chickens

This study was conducted to access the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of United Arab Emirates (UAE) native chickens to support conservation of their genetic resources. A total of 161 native chickens were examined for genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis using partial mitochondrial d-loop sequences (758 bp). The observed haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.670 and 0.0028 respectively, A total of 31 polymorphic site and 20 haplotypes were identified. These haplotypes were classified into four distinct haplogroups (A, B, C, and E), with E (95.6%) being the prominent maternal lineages of UAE native chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the haplogroup E of UAE native chickens clustered with the Indian Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi), suggesting a South Asian maternal origin. This lineage may have arrived in the country via an ancient trading network, especially through the maritime routes of the Indian Ocean. Other haplogroups were associated with East Asia and Southeast Asia origin. These results suggest that UAE native chickens have multiple maternal origins. The genetic diversity identified in this research will aid in the conservation and breeding of these chickens, focusing on economically advantageous traits.