Majority‐Voting Overlapping Method for Error Correction in DNA Data Storage

Reliable error correction is essential for practical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage as substitution errors introduced during synthesis, amplification, and sequencing can affect data integrity. Herein, an overlapping‐based error correction method specifically designed for DNA‐encoded information was developed. By aligning multiple independently sequenced reads of the same DNA fragment and applying a majority‐voting algorithm at each nucleotide position, our approach effectively suppressed random and heterogeneous substitution errors without requiring prior knowledge of the error distributions. In addition, the proposed method was systematically validated on synthetic DNA sequences with controlled error rates. The method showed robust performance even at high substitution levels. Furthermore, it achieved high‐fidelity reconstruction when applied to real Sanger and next‐generation sequencing data of DNA‐encoded binary images, highlighting its practical utility. Overall, these results indicated that overlapping‐based correction is a simple, scalable, and powerful strategy for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of DNA data storage, paving the way for robust and cost‐effective archival technologies based on DNA.