Investigating the Heat Stability and Inactivation Conditions of Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1)

ABSTRACT Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a newly recognized pathogen that causes severe disease in farmed crustaceans, leading to substantial economic losses in the shrimp and crab aquaculture industries. This study investigates the thermal persistence and heat inactivation conditions of DIV1, aiming to establish effective heat treatment protocols for seafood safety in international trade and aquaculture waste management. DIV1 was treated at different temperatures (56°C, 60°C, and 70°C) for varying durations, and infectivity was assessed through experimental infection of Penaeus vannamei . Results indicated that treatment at 56°C for 30 min, 60°C for 15 min, or 70°C for 1 min effectively inactivated DIV1, with these parameters being less stringent than the current WOAH recommendation of 80°C for 30 min. Additionally, this study revealed that DIV1 could remain infectious at room temperature for more than 168 h and at ultralow temperatures (−80°C) for more than 8 years. These findings provide critical data for optimizing heat treatment strategies to mitigate pathogen transmission risks in aquaculture and seafood products, ensuring biosecurity and safety in international markets.