Impact of Collagen Peptide Supplements Dissolved in Different Beverages on the Surface Properties of Dental Restorative Materials

The increasing popularity of collagen peptide supplements raises concerns about their potential effects on dental restorations. This in vitro study investigated the effects of collagen peptide supplements dissolved in different beverages on the color stability, profile arithmetic mean roughness (Ra), and gloss of various restorative materials. Four restorative materials were tested: a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Universal), a CAD/CAM composite block (Tetric CAD), a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), and a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD). Specimens were immersed in three collagen solutions (Pure Collagen Water Mix, Pure Collagen Coffee Mix, and Purple Collagen) and distilled water (control) for periods simulating 1 and 6 months of daily consumption. Color changes (ΔE00), Ra, and gloss were measured at baseline, after two immersion periods, and following repolishing. Results showed that collagen peptide supplements significantly affected all tested properties, with effects varying by material type and solution composition. Empress CAD demonstrated superior resistance to staining and surface property changes, while Filtek Universal exhibited the highest susceptibility. Collagen supplements mixed with coffee and those containing anthocyanin-rich ingredients produced more pronounced effects than water-mixed formulations. All materials remained within clinically acceptable thresholds for Ra and maintained adequate gloss values. Repolishing improved surface properties in all materials, though resin-based materials showed persistent discoloration due to internal staining. These findings suggest that material selection should be considered carefully for patients who regularly consume collagen peptide supplements, with ceramic and hybrid materials being preferable for aesthetic restorations.