COVID-19 as a Catalyst for Digital Competence in Post-Yugoslav Higher Education

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated digital transformation in education. Traditional face-to-face learning was rapidly replaced by e-learning, highlighting the urgent need for digital competence among educators and students. The present study examines how the pandemic acted as a catalyst for the development of digital competencies within the educational sectors in post-Yugoslav states. It explores the challenges and opportunities presented by e-learning during the pandemic period and considers its long-term implications. Online surveys with 424 educators and 1,549 students were conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia to assess their experiences with digital learning tools and platforms. In addition, statistical data on e-learning adoption rates and technological advancements in education were analysed. The findings indicate a notable increase in digital competence among both educators and students, while also revealing persistent gaps in digital readiness. The most significant improvements were observed in digitally less-developed countries, where reliance on free-of-charge software played a crucial role. Looking ahead, it is essential to integrate digital competency training into educational curricula to ensure sustainable and effective use of technology in education. The study underscores the importance of institutional investment in digital training and infrastructure to support long-term digital learning strategies. It also offers insights into how a crisis can accelerate digital transformation in education, highlighting both the benefits and challenges of e-learning adoption.