Improved Electro‐Optical Features of Nematic Liquid Crystals Containing TiO ₂ NPs, Aimed at Display and Sensing Applications

ABSTRACT In this study, the electro‐optical properties of Nematic liquid crystal (NLC) E204 doped with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated to evaluate their potential for advanced display and sensing applications. Composites with varying concentrations of TiO 2 NPs were prepared and thoroughly analyzed, revealing noteworthy enhancements in key performance parameters such as threshold voltage, tilt angle, activation energy, and response time. A significant reduction in threshold voltage was recorded with increasing nanoparticle concentration, alongside a substantial improvement in dynamic response. As the combined rise and fall times decreased by approximately 50%, effectively doubling the switching speed compared to pure NLC. The increase in Tilt angle of NLC molecules and decrease in Activation energy are observed with incremental variation of TiO 2 NPs. Moreover, changes in birefringence were correlated with variations in refractive index mismatch induced by nanoparticle doping. These enhancements in electro‐optical behavior suggest that TiO 2 ‐doped E204 NLCs are highly promising candidates for advanced liquid crystal‐based technologies, particularly in applications requiring fast, energy‐efficient switching such as advanced display panels, tunable photonic systems, and optical sensors.