Magnetic Activated Carbon Prepared From Hazelnut Shell as Supercapacitor Electrodes

ABSTRACT The development of high‐performance electrode materials remains critical for advancing next‐generation supercapacitors. Here, we present a magnetic activated carbon (MAC) derived from hazelnut shells through a one‐step activation route, yielding an exceptionally porous structure with a specific surface area of 2092 and a micropore volume of 0.75 . Leveraging this high‐surface‐area carbon, electrodes were fabricated using two commonly employed binders— polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)—to elucidate how binder selection governs electrochemical behavior. Comprehensive electrochemical analyses (CV, GCD, and EIS) revealed a marked binder‐dependent performance: at 0.75 , PVDF‐based electrodes delivered a higher capacitance (213.33 ) than their PTFE counterparts (194.22 ). Impedance modeling further showed that PVDF enhances pore‐confined charge storage, whereas PTFE favors surface‐controlled processes. These contrasting mechanisms highlight binder selection as a decisive design parameter. Overall, the results demonstrate that PVDF is advantageous for low‐current applications requiring efficient pore utilization, while PTFE is better suited for high‐current operation where rapid surface charge transfer is essential.