Recent advancements in hydrogen production from renewable energy sources

Fossil fuels have historically been the primary source for meeting the world’s energy demand. However, generating energy from fossil fuels disrupts the planet’s ecosystem and biological processes, contributing to global warming and causing dramatic climate shifts. Fossil fuels are also finite resources, which can lead to energy crises on a large scale. Therefore, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is a necessary choice to preserve the world’s ecosystem, decarbonize the economy, and mitigate irreversible climate change. In this regard, using green hydrogen as an energy source to meet global energy demands presents a crucial solution to these challenges. Various hydrogen production methods, such as water electrolysis, biomass conversion, wind, solar PV, and even the conversion of fossil fuels, are assessed and compared in terms of technological advancement, cost, energy consumption, and environmental impact. Currently, industries are using green hydrogen to produce emerging green fuels like methanol and ammonia, which serve as alternative energy sources. This analysis outlines the latest status of electric demand, advancements in sustainable energy technologies, future outlook for hydrogen production through electricity, energy management system in integrated systems and the prospective of carbon-free hydrogen to achieve the glob’s growing energy demand. Additionally, it discusses the opportunities and challenges opposing the progress of a hydrogen-driven economy, offering insights into how this transition could reshape the global energy landscape.