Tree Composition, Niche Characteristics, and Mammal Habitat Use Across Different Types of Forests in Wanglang Nature Reserve

Effectiveness of forest restoration efforts depends on the methods employed. Here, we compared tree species composition, niche characteristics, and mammal habitat use in primary, secondary, and artificial forests in Wanglang Nature Reserve. Results showed that primary forests were mainly indicated by <i>Abies fargesii</i> var. <i>faxoniana</i> (Af), <i>Picea purpurea</i> (Pp), and <i>Juniperus saltuaria</i> (Js); secondary forests were mainly indicated by Af and <i>Betula albosinensis</i> (Ba); and artificial forests were mainly indicated by <i>Picea asperata</i> (Pa) and <i>Acer caesium</i> (Ac). Af had the broadest niche breadth in natural forests, and Pa had the broadest niche breadth in artificial forests. Low niche overlap among common species was observed in natural forests, whereas high niche overlap between Pa and Ba occurred in artificial forests. Interspecific correlations showed that Af was negatively correlated with Pp in primary forests and <i>Populus szechuanica</i> (Ps) in secondary forests. In artificial forests, Af and Ac were positively correlated. Furthermore, no traces of the three National Class I protected species were found in artificial forests, while traces of two representative mammals were associated with Af. These findings highlight the differences among the three types of forests.