Drivers and barriers to consuming plant-based alternatives to dairy in Brazil: a nationwide cross-sectional study

The consumption of plant-based alternatives to milk and dairy (PBAMD) is increasing globally due to health, ethical, and environmental concerns; however, little is known about the drivers and barriers to their consumption in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the key drivers and barriers related to the consumption of plant-based dairy analogues in Brazil. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1,272 Brazilian adults. Participants reported socio-demographic characteristics, PBAMD consumption, and perceptions related to sensory and pleasure attributes. Ethical approval was obtained (Details omitted for double-anonymised reviewing). Plant-based drinks were the most commonly tried PBAMD, followed by plant-based cheese and yogurt. Vegetarians reported higher consumption frequencies and liking scores for all PBAMD categories (beverages: 78 ± 25; cheese: 69 ± 26; yogurt: 69 ± 27; p < 0.001) compared to omnivores. Hedonic ratings of sensory attributes were highest among vegetarians, particularly for texture (72 ± 27) and appearance (72 ± 27). Women associated PBAMD consumption with greater pleasure in terms of fulfillment of needs, product variety, and labeling information. Participants with lower education levels emphasized physical and mental pleasure, as well as price, as most important consumption drivers. PBAMD consumption in Brazil is influenced by dietary pattern, sex, and education. Despite industrial advances, acceptance remains moderate, especially among omnivores. Strategies to improve sensory attributes, nutritional literacy, and affordability may enhance PBAMD adoption and support healthier, more sustainable dietary transitions.