Microenvironment-responsive nanomotors enable enhanced biofilm penetration and immune reprogramming for peri-implantitis therapy

Collectively, this study demonstrates a multifunctional nanomotor-based therapeutic strategy that integrates inflammation-responsive propulsion, enhanced biofilm penetration, mild photothermal disinfection, and immune reprogramming. By harnessing pathological microenvironmental cues as endogenous driving forces, the M-CaO₂-CL nanomotor effectively addresses key biological barriers in peri-implantitis, establishing a promising nanotherapeutic platform for biofilm-associated inflammatory diseases.