Understanding antibiotic prescribing in the inpatient setting: a synthesis of evidence on determinants and interventions

Our study shows that hospitalized physicians' antibiotic prescribing is shaped by multiple determinants, with contextual and environmental factors most frequently studied. Interventions generally improved prescribing in hospital settings. However, evidence from resource-limited settings remains sparse; rigorous, context-specific studies are needed to optimize prescribing in low- and middle-income countries.