Zero-Energy Fluctuation Dark Matter (ZEFD) Model: Quantum Field Theory, Dynamical Equations, Observational Tests and Cosmological Numerical Simulation

Zero-Energy Fluctuation Dark Matter (ZEFD) Model: A Unified Framework for Cosmic Structure, Dark Matter, Cosmic Acceleration, and Black Hole Evaporation This paper presents the complete, self-contained Zero-Energy Fluctuation Dark Matter (ZEFD) model—a unified theoretical framework for cosmic structure, dark matter, cosmic acceleration, and black hole evaporation. Constructed on primordial quantum fluctuations, strict global zero-energy balance, and cosmic expansion-freezing effects, the model avoids introducing new fundamental particles, new fields, or dark energy. We provide the full quantum field theory derivation in curved FRW spacetime, including the Lagrangian, equation of motion, energy-momentum tensor, and quantization of the primordial scalar field. A closed, parameter-free system of dynamical equations is established to describe cosmic expansion, matter formation, and residual dark fluctuation evolution. The ZEFD model exhibits quantitative consistency with high-precision cosmological observations: Planck CMB power spectra, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), cosmic shear gravitational lensing, and flat galaxy rotation curves exemplified by NGC 3198. A comprehensive cosmological numerical simulation scheme, compatible with large-scale supercomputers, is developed using standard Particle-Mesh (PM) N-body and grid fluid algorithms. In the ZEFD model, dark matter is not an exotic particle but the un-collapsed, spacetime-correlated residual of primordial quantum fluctuations that share the same origin as baryonic matter. The model further establishes a causal mechanism: cosmic expansion modifies vacuum fluctuations near black hole horizons and drives Hawking radiation as a local dynamical mapping of cosmic expansion. The ZEFD model satisfies general covariance and quantum field theory principles, reproduces all observational successes of the ΛCDM model with greater theoretical economy, and naturally explains the persistent null results of dark matter direct-detection experiments.