Exposure of Bisphenol S on splenic injury causing inflammation in Wistar rat by histological analysis

Bisphenol S (BPS), an analog of bisphenol A (BPA), is commonly found in everyday products like plastic bottles, baby feeders, thermal receipts, epoxy resins, and various plastic items. Daily exposure to BPS can have harmful effects on human health. This research aims to demonstrate the histopathological changes in spleen of Wistar rat, assessing the effects of BPS in a dose-dependent manner. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 4) and three experimental groups (A, B, and C, each n = 4). The controls were compared with three experimental groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C, received doses of 40 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day BPS, respectively. Two types of staining Masson trichrome and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) were utilized to identify the significant histology changes. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to BPS for 15 days and then sacrificed. In Group A, histopathological analysis revealed minimal inflammation in red pulp and notable presence of white pulp, trabeculae, B and T lymphocytes, and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths. Group B showed reduced white pulp, red pulp with lymphocytes and necrosis, along with elongation of marginal zones. Group C exhibited drastic changes in splenic tissue and cellularity, with dilation in red pulp, inflammation of the sinus, depopulation in white pulp areas, and prominent enriched follicles. All experimental groups exhibited histopathological alterations following BPS exposure. BPS is not a suitable substitute for BPA and its usage should be restricted as it causes inflammation and can put human health at risk.