Virtual Human White Matter Dissection: A Stratigraphic Layer-by-Layer Dissection of Human Brain in Photogrammetry

Background and objectives: A deep understanding of 3-dimensional (3D) neuroanatomy is essential for neurosurgeons, but access to cadaveric dissection-the gold standard for learning-is increasingly limited. Photogrammetry, originally developed for surveying, allows precise 3D modeling and has been used in static neuroanatomical reconstructions. However, existing models lack interactivity, limiting their educational value. To present an interactive photogrammetric model of white matter anatomy that allows users to navigate and perform 3D stratigraphic dissections of white matter tracts. Methods: A stepwise dissection of the lateral and medial aspects of 12 human brain hemispheres was performed using the Klingler technique. Each dissection step was captured through photogrammetry. The resulting models were processed, layered, labeled, and integrated into an interactive web-based 3D viewer. Results: Ten models for lateral dissection and 7 for medial dissection were created. These models were overlapped to allow stepwise exploration and annotation. A custom online 3D viewer was developed to enable easy access and interaction on any computer. Conclusion: We present a high-resolution, interactive photogrammetric model of white matter anatomy. Freely accessible through a dedicated application, this virtual dissection tool offers a realistic alternative to traditional cadaver-based neuroanatomy training and may expand access to detailed neuroanatomical education worldwide.