Current trends and epidemiological features of genitourinary diseases in the Osh region

Diseases of the genitourinary system represent a significant medical and social problem, substantially affecting quality of life, ability to work, and demographic indicators. The aim of this study was to examine overall morbidity and primary incidence of genitourinary diseases among the adult and paediatric population of the Osh region over the study period. The research was based on an analysis of official statistical data from regional medical institutions and the Ministry of Health. The findings indicated that overall morbidity and primary incidence showed a downward trend following a period of increase, which was associated with restrictions on preventive examinations and a rise in chronic infections. Significant gender differences were identified: women were more likely to suffer from inflammatory conditions, whereas men more frequently experienced prostate disorders and urolithiasis. It was concluded that systematic monitoring and analysis of urological morbidity are essential for improving preventive measures, increasing access to healthcare, and developing regional public health programmes. After reaching a peak in 2021 (45,870 per 100,000 population), overall morbidity decreased to 33,240 cases by 2024, while primary incidence declined from 22,480 to 17,210 per 100,000 population. Kidney and urinary tract diseases predominated (67.5%), with chronic pyelonephritis accounting for 26.9%. The incidence rate among women was, on average, 2.1 times higher than among men. The obtained results can be used to plan regional prevention programmes, optimise patient routing, and improve the effectiveness of urological care in medical institutions in the Osh region