Integration of biophilic design in multiple sclerosis infusion centers to reduce stress and increase comfort in patients

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that affects the central nervous system and often leads to fatigue, pain, and emotional strain. Infusion therapy, though necessary, is usually delivered in clinical settings that can add to patients’ stress. This study examined whether using biophilic design (natural light, organic textures, and nature-inspired elements) within infusion centers could help reduce stress and discomfort while improving patients’ overall satisfaction. A mixed-methods approach was used. Phase 1 included focus group interviews with MS patients (n=10) to identify environmental challenges and design preferences. Phase 2 involved a needs assessment survey (n=12) to assess satisfaction with current infusion centers. Phase 3 used virtual reality (VR) simulations with 21 participants who experienced two environments: a traditional infusion center and a redesigned biophilic environment. This was a pilot study, as a convenience sample was used due to time constraints, recruitment and restrictions of participants with MS; therefore, college students without MS were included in Phase 3 to allow completion of the VR testing phase. Heart rate was recorded using Apple Watches, and emotional responses were measured using a modified State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Pearson correlations (α = 0.05). Results indicated that the biophilic environment significantly enhanced emotional well-being. Participants reported higher relaxation (M = 4.09, SD = 1.31) compared to the traditional space (M = 2.24, SD = 0.94), p < .001, and greater satisfaction (M = 4.18, SD = 1.18) than in the traditional environment (M = 2.57, SD = 0.93), p < .001. Stress levels were notably lower in the biophilic setting (M = 2.10, SD = 1.29) than in the traditional one (M = 3.14, SD = 1.39), p = .001. Heart rate was moderately correlated with perceived stress (r² = 0.48, p < 0.001). These findings support that biophilic design can reduce stress, enhance comfort, and promote emotional wellness. Incorporating natural light, warm materials, and nature connections into MS infusion centers can create restorative, patient-centered spaces that support healing and well-being.