The Effect of Medicaid Graduate Medical Education Spending on Physician Workforce Development in Primary and Non-Primary Care Specialties

Additional Medicaid GME payments were associated with increases in residency positions, exhibiting similar effects in primary and non-primary care specialties. Additional structures, processes, or policy measures may be needed to optimize Medicaid GME funding as a means of addressing physician workforce shortages in primary care and other high-need areas. Further evaluations of GME financial investment are needed to inform future policy and spending decisions related to health workforce development.