Examining the risk factors influencing safety outcomes for Chinese migrant construction workers in New Zealand

Purpose With globalization, Chinese migrant construction workers (CMCWs) have become a key labour force in the construction industry. Despite their contributions, CMCWs face higher incident risks compared to native and other migrant workers. This study examines the significance and relationships among five critical factors—communication barriers, safety policies, quality of safety training, personal factors, and cultural differences—that impact safety outcomes for CMCWs. By addressing a critical research gap in migrant construction worker safety, it provides a PLS-SEM model for enhancing the health and safety of CMCWs. Design/methodology/approach Data collected from a questionnaire survey was analysed using a partial least squares structure equational modelling (PLS-SEM) tailored to CMCWs in New Zealand. Findings Findings indicate that safety policy (p = 0.005) and personal factors (p = 0.042) significantly influence safety outcomes for CMCWs. Originality/value Targeted safety management systems that enforce safety policies and strengthen safety awareness are essential for improving CMCW safety. This study provides an innovative view on language barriers, suggesting they do not primarily hinder communication but rather limit access to safety information, reduce the effectiveness of training, and impede the development of safety awareness. This framework enhances the understanding of occupational safety for CMCWs and offers a foundation for future research in safety management practices tailored to this demographic.