Effects of fatigue on the activation characteristics and synergistic patterns of lower limb muscles during running

Our results indicate that under running-induced fatigue, the lower limb neuromuscular system maintains motor output based on the principle of "stability first" through three approaches: "selective compensation" to activate muscles, "rigidity enhancement" to stabilize distal joints, and "timing adjustment" to optimize synergy modules. The findings may contribute to training optimization and help reduce the likelihood of potential injuries.