Segmentation of blush size guides embolic endpoints in genicular artery embolization

Question Standardized, quantitative assessment of embolic endpoints in GAE is lacking, as the angiographic endpoint "pruning" has so far been defined only subjectively. Findings Segmentation of angiographic blush using color-coded maps enables objective quantification of embolic endpoints. With increasing osteoarthritis grade, baseline blush size and embolic volume increase, while an 80% blush reduction defines the endpoint "pruning." Clinical relevance Objective blush quantification improves the reproducibility of embolic endpoint assessment in GAE and supports individualized embolization strategies across disease severity and vascular territories.