Fredkin Gate based Feed-Forward Arbiter PUF for Secure Device Authentication

Hardware security plays a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive information in IoT-enabled systems. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide an effective solution for secure and reliable device authentication. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Fredkin Gate (FRG) based Feed-forward Arbiter Physically Unclonable Function (PUF). The proposed design is implemented and tested using a 28nm Artix-7 FPGA. The uniformity and uniqueness of the proposed design are 49.37% and 48.32%, respectively. This proposed design is compared against the conventional feed-forward Arbiter PUF. The comparison shows that there is an increase of 0.65% uniformity and 2.72% uniqueness in the proposed design. The reliability, BER, and KER for the proposed design are 84.25%, 12.75%, and 0.99665, respectively. The NIST tests were carried out using NIST SP 800-22 to evaluate the randomness. Finally, an ANN-based ML attack was carried out on the proposed design and the prediction accuracy is 60% as against 68% for the conventional design.