Knowledge, attitudes, and patterns of nonmedical beta-blockers use among medical students: a comparative study between Lebanon and Armenia

The prevalence of nonmedical use of beta-blockers among Lebanese and Armenian medical students is relatively uncommon but includes self-prescription, unsupervised dose adjustments, and notable adverse effects. Similar misuse patterns across different regulatory systems suggest that academic stress and performance pressure play key roles, highlighting the need for targeted educational and supportive interventions to promote responsible medication use and healthier coping strategies.