Data-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization of Conformal Cooling Channels for Energy-Efficient Injection Molding

Injection molding is widely used for plastic parts, but its performance is limited by the cooling stage, which dominates cycle time and affects dimensional stability and energy consumption. Conformal cooling channels, which can be manufactured using additive technologies, improve thermal efficiency but introduce a high-dimensional design problem. This work proposes an integrated methodology for optimizing injection molds with conformal cooling channels that combines parametric CAD (Computer-Aided Drawing), simulation, non-linear principal component analysis, artificial neural network, and multi-objective evolutionary optimization. The workflow is applied to a case study with five cooling layouts. An initial set of 36 metrics related to temperature gradients, warpage, shrinkage, and energy is reduced to a small number of latent objectives, simplifying the search space while preserving the main physical trends. Artificial neural networks surrogates accurately reproduce numerical results, enabling exploration of the design space at a fraction of the computational cost. The optimization yields diverse Pareto-optimal solutions that balance cycle time, dimensional stability, and energy consumption, assisting the design of more sustainable injection molds. Sensitivity analysis identifies mold temperature and channel position/diameter as key design levers. The proposed methodology reduces dependence on expensive simulations and is readily transferable to industrial mold design.