GARBHA ŚĀRĪRA: AYURVEDIC EMBRYOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MODERN DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

Introduction: Garbha Śārīra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda that deals with conception, intrauterine growth, development of the fetus, and factors influencing prenatal life. Classical Ayurvedic texts provide a systematic description of embryogenesis, including the role of Doṣas, Dhātus, Mahābhūtas, and parental contributions. Modern developmental anatomy explains embryonic development through fertilization, cell differentiation, organogenesis, and fetal maturation. Aim: To critically analyze the concept of Garbha Śārīra described in Ayurveda and correlate it with modern principles of embryology and developmental anatomy. Materials and Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya were reviewed along with standard modern embryology textbooks. Conceptual and comparative analysis was performed. Results: Ayurvedic descriptions of Garbhāvakrānti, Māsa-anumāna (month-wise fetal development), and Garbhakara Bhāvas show significant conceptual similarities with modern embryological stages such as fertilization, implantation, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Conclusion: Garbha Śārīra presents a holistic, functional, and ethical framework of embryology that complements modern developmental anatomy. Integrating both perspectives enhances understanding of prenatal development and maternal-fetal health.