Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal multi-target phytotherapeutic activities of <i>Frankenia hirsuta</i> against inflammation and diabetic neuropathy with cytotoxic potential

This study provides the first comprehensive evidence that FH exerts potent neuroprotective and antidiabetic effects mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytokine-modulating pathways. The integrated LC-MS/MS, computational, and experimental validation framework highlights FH and its FG as promising candidates for developing safe, plant-derived therapeutics targeting diabetic neuropathy and related metabolic dysfunctions.