A proposed closed-loop framework for postoperative management of OVCF integrating biosensor-enabled monitoring and traditional Chinese medicine formulas: from dynamic assessment to precision intervention

Postoperative management of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) remains challenging because conventional bone mineral density (BMD) and imaging assessments are intrinsically delayed, while bone turnover markers (BTMs) that reflect real-time remodeling dynamics are difficult to measure frequently in routine care. In parallel, commonly used anti-osteoporotic medications may be limited by delayed onset of measurable response and concerns regarding long-term tolerability in certain populations. This article is a narrative review and conceptual perspective that synthesizes recent advances in biosensor-enabled point-of-care testing-highlighting organic optoelectrochemical transistors (OPECT)-and mechanistic pharmacology evidence for kidney-tonifying and blood-activating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas. On this basis, we propose a closed-loop framework that links high-frequency BTM monitoring to biomarker-informed optimization of postoperative integrative management. Importantly, this work does not report original clinical implementation data; the proposed framework is intended to guide future translational research, standardization, and prospective clinical validation.