Promises and limits of biopsy-based transcriptomics in kidney transplantation: a clinical utility perspective

Biopsy-based transcriptomics provides biologically meaningful information but has not yet demonstrated outcome-improving clinical utility. Its value is highly context- dependent and currently best defined for selected scenarios rather than routine use. Prospective interventional studies and consensus-based interpretative frameworks are required to determine how molecular information should inform clinical decision-making in kidney transplantation.