Dataset of groundwater bacterial communities at varying distances from public cemeteries in surakarta, Indonesia

This article presents a dataset describing the bacterial communities of groundwater collected from inside and around public cemeteries in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Water samples were obtained from wells located inside cemeteries (S1), at 150 m (S2) and 300 m (S3) away from cemetery boundaries across six urban subdistricts. From each site, 5 L of well water was filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filters to concentrate microbial cells. DNA was extracted using the ZymoBIOMICS™ Soil DNA Extraction Kit (Zymo Research, USA). Bacterial community profiling was conducted using PacBio Sequel II full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Circular consensus sequences (CCS) were processed using SMRT Link and QIIME2 for quality control, chimera removal, and taxonomic classification against the SILVA 138 database. The dataset includes raw sequence reads, taxonomic abundance tables, and diversity index representing bacterial communities in groundwater at varying distances from cemeteries. Groundwater samples from cemeteries in Surakarta showed clear spatial differences in bacterial composition. Samples collected inside cemeteries exhibited the highest richness and proportion of low-rank taxa, with notable dominance of Verrucomicrobiota. At 150 m and 300 m distances, microbial diversity decreased. Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Bacteroidota were also dominant phyla, showing differential abundance across sampling zones. Beta diversity analysis revealed distinct clustering by distance, confirming spatial structuring of microbial communities.The raw sequence data have been submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under project ID PRJNA1345172 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA1345172). These data provide a valuable reference for understanding burial-related microbial dynamics and groundwater quality in tropical urban environments.