BEYOND THE PANDEMIC: ADDRESING STABILITY AND ACCESS mRNA VACCINES -A REVIEW

mRNA vaccines have emerged as a powerful alternative to traditional vaccines due to their high potency, safety, efficacy, and potential for rapid, cost-effective production and clinical development. Once considered a scientific curiosity, they have now become leading tools in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The advancements in nanotechnology, particularly in developing delivery systems for mRNA vaccines, have played a crucial role in their success. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines, discussing their structural components, mechanisms of immune activation, and the role of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in delivery. It also outlines the upstream, downstream, and formulation processes involved in mRNA vaccine manufacturing, along with an overview of current clinical trials.