Analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective. To analyze features of socio-demographic, behavioral and biological risk factors of cardiovascular diseases development in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. A cross sectional multi enter study included 453 patients — men and women with verified type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) aged 35—65 years from 14 cities of the Russian Federation. Patients enrolment took place from June 2024 to February 2025. A total of 427 patients (238 males and 189 females) completed the study. The patients’ examination included a physician checkup, completion of questionnaire adapted in National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, instrumental studies (measurement of blood pressure, resting heart rate, anthropometric parameters, including body mass index calculation and waist circumference measurement, resting electrocardiography) and evaluation of biochemical parameters of the blood including lipid profile indicators. Results. Mean age of men was 42.6±10.3 years, of women — 40.9 ±10.5 years (p>0.05). The mean age at diagnosis establishment was 27.2±10.3 years for men and 22.4±11.1 years for women (p>0.05). Every second patient, regardless of gender identity, has a nutritional disorder including disorder of dietary salt consumption, fat and refined carbohydrates intake. Despite the young age of patients, every third one has a sedentary lifestyle. Hypercholesterolemia was found in 65.1% of men and 60.8% of women (p>0.05), arterial hypertension in 28.6% of men and 37.6% of women (p>0.05), abdominal obesity in 23.9% of men and 33.9% of women (p=0.03). According to the survey results, 46.2% of men and 61.4% of women experience moderate to high levels of chronic stress (p=0.002). Conclusion. The control of the main behavioral and biological risk factors of cardiovascular diseases development together with effective glycemic control are required to manage cardiovascular risk in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.