Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care: A Cross-sectional Study

Objectives: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Despite its significance, data on PIH prevalence and risk factors in Hawassa, a rapidly urbanising centre in southern Ethiopia, remain limited. Material and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2024 amongst 384 pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at two government hospitals in Hawassa: Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialised Hospital and Adare General Hospital. Systematic random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through structured interviewer-administered questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and medical record reviews. PIH was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive women, without proteinuria. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of PIH was 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7–11.5). Significant associated factors included maternal age >35 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.12–5.36), pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m 2 ; AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.45–6.72), family history of hypertension (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.89–8.81) and primigravidity (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.02–4.65). Multiparity ≥3 was protective (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.94). Conclusion: The prevalence of PIH in Hawassa government hospitals aligns with national estimates but underscores the need for targeted screening of high-risk groups. Enhanced ANC counselling on modifiable risks, such as weight management, could mitigate PIH burden. Limitations include a cross-sectional design and potential bias from self-reported BMI.