Functional Limitations and Associated Factors among Older Low-Income U.S. Veterans: Results from the National Veteran Homeless and Other Poverty Experiences Study

Functional limitations among older low-income veterans are multifactorial, reflecting intersecting demographic, clinical, and social determinants. Findings support integrated care models that combine mental-health screening and social-resource supports. Exploratory subgroup patterns highlight the importance of considering sex and race/ethnicity in identifying low-income veterans most at risk for functional decline and in tailoring prevention and intervention efforts.