Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis in District Swabi, Pakistan: A Quantitative Study

This article examined patients’ perceptions of the impact of Tuberculosis (TB) on their socioeconomic lives and analyzed whether effects differ by gender. The data were collected from 100 TB patients through simple random sampling. Chi-square and Kendall’s Tau-b tests were used to examine the association among variables. The association of patients’ perceptions was found to be significant and positive, with TB patients being stigmatized (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.414), socially isolated (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.139), and family members avoiding meals with the TB patients (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.363). Furthermore, the association of patients’ perception was found significant and positive with TB, adding financial burden on the family (P < 0.05, Tb=0.223), patients borrow money for treatment (P < 0.05, Tb =0.360), and sell the productive assets (P < 0.05, Tb =0.132). The results also showed that, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the social impacts of TB is significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.272, for female TB = -0.324). Similarly, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the economic impacts of TB was significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.242, for female TB = -0.332). The results concluded that the adverse impacts of TB were higher on females than on males.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18879070
Primary Topic
Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis in District Swabi, Pakistan: A Quantitative Study

Hiba Ahmed Khalil, Muhammad Bilal, Hizra Jehan Zaib
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
article

Socioeconomic Impact of Tuberculosis in District Swabi, Pakistan: A Quantitative Study

Hiba Ahmed Khalil, Muhammad Bilal, Hizra Jehan Zaib
article en

Abstract

This article examined patients’ perceptions of the impact of Tuberculosis (TB) on their socioeconomic lives and analyzed whether effects differ by gender. The data were collected from 100 TB patients through simple random sampling. Chi-square and Kendall’s Tau-b tests were used to examine the association among variables. The association of patients’ perceptions was found to be significant and positive, with TB patients being stigmatized (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.414), socially isolated (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.139), and family members avoiding meals with the TB patients (P < 0.05, Tb = 0.363). Furthermore, the association of patients’ perception was found significant and positive with TB, adding financial burden on the family (P < 0.05, Tb=0.223), patients borrow money for treatment (P < 0.05, Tb =0.360), and sell the productive assets (P < 0.05, Tb =0.132). The results also showed that, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the social impacts of TB is significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.272, for female TB = -0.324). Similarly, after controlling for patients' gender, the association between patients’ perceptions and the economic impacts of TB was significant (P < 0.05) and more negative for females than for males (for male TB = -0.242, for female TB = -0.332). The results concluded that the adverse impacts of TB were higher on females than on males.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (PK)
Openalex Percentile: Top 35%
Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
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