Efecto de la terapia de fotobiomodulación en la regulación de los procesos reparativos de las heridas crónicas en la fase de inflamación

Introduction. Chronic wounds remain a major burden for patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has demonstrated effectiveness as a physical method to support wound healing.Objective. To assess whether PBM, applied with specific parameters, can modulate the inflammatory microenvironment of chronic wounds by examining its effects on pro and anti inflammatory cytokines, key growth factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and platelet aggregation, integrating these results with histopathological findings.Materials and methods. Eighteen rats were randomized into intact, control, and experimental groups. Chronic wounds were induced in the control and experimental groups, with the latter receiving PBM therapy. Animals were euthanized 3 days post surgery. Serum levels of ROS, IL 1β, IL 4, IL 6, IL 10, TNF α, bFGF, and TGF β1 were measured via ELISA. Platelet aggregation assays and histological examinations were conducted.Results. On day 3, PBM increased ROS levels by 1.24 fold compared with controls and by 1.23 fold compared with intact rats. PBM reduced IL 4 levels by 1.58 fold and decreased IL 6 levels twofold relative to controls. While IL 6 increased in control animals compared with intact rats, PBM reduced IL 6 below intact levels. No significant differences were observed for IL 1β, IL 10, TNF α, bFGF, or TGF β1. PBM was associated with reduced platelet aggregation during the inflammatory phase. Histological analysis revealed fewer macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a higher number of fibroblasts in PBM treated wounds.Conclusion. PBM therapy positively influences chronic wound healing by beneficially modulating inflammatory processes and promoting a more favorable tissue repair environment.