Adaptive pentahelix collaborative governance for forest and land fire mitigation: Advancing SDGs 13 (climate action) and SDGs 15 (life on land) in East Kotawaringin, Indonesia

This study examines the integration of the Pentahelix model within a collaborative governance framework for sustainable forest and land fire mitigation in Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach supported by actor-network analysis, the research identifies interactions among five key actors, such as government, academia, business, community, and media, in forming an adaptive governance system. Results indicate that collaborative effectiveness depends on institutional trust, cross-sector coordination, and the continuity of participatory mechanisms. While government–community relations remain dominant, academic and private sector engagement strengthens innovation and data-driven prevention. Combining Pentahelix and collaborative governance creates a flexible, SDG-focused model that helps communities become more resilient to climate change and restore ecosystems. Empirically, this model contributes to the achievement of SDG 13 (Climate Action) by improving adaptive capacity and SDG 15 (Life on Land) through community-based ecosystem management. This study concludes that sustainable fire mitigation requires institutionalized multi-actor collaboration combining policy coherence, local wisdom, and knowledge-based innovation to achieve long-term environmental governance.