Using Large Language Models for searching explainable relations in a cloud of Cultural Heritage knowledge graphs

Knowledge discovery of “interesting” or even serendipitous relations in data, often called relational search, provides a novel Artificial Intelligence-based approach in Digital Humanities for studying Cultural Heritage. Relational search methods are traditionally symbolic, based on searching connections in knowledge graphs. In contrast, this paper presents a novel neuro-symbolic approach to relational search based on combining Large Language Models (LLM) with knowledge graphs (KG). It is argued that by using curated KG data and data models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation, hallucinations of LLMs can be mitigated and relational search extendedalso to web resources external to the underlying cloud of KGs. As a practical use case, first results of using the method for knowledge discovery as part of the new web service SampoSampo – Connecting Everything to Everything Else are presented.

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Publication Details

Journal
Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications
Published
2026-03-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5617/dhnbpub.13207
Primary Topic
Advanced Graph Neural Networks
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Using Large Language Models for searching explainable relations in a cloud of Cultural Heritage knowledge graphs

Heikki Rantala, Jouni Tuominen, Petri Leskinen, Annastiina Ahola et al.
Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications
Advanced Graph Neural Networks
article

Using Large Language Models for searching explainable relations in a cloud of Cultural Heritage knowledge graphs

Heikki Rantala, Jouni Tuominen, Petri Leskinen, Annastiina Ahola, Eero Antero Hyvönen
article en

Abstract

Knowledge discovery of “interesting” or even serendipitous relations in data, often called relational search, provides a novel Artificial Intelligence-based approach in Digital Humanities for studying Cultural Heritage. Relational search methods are traditionally symbolic, based on searching connections in knowledge graphs. In contrast, this paper presents a novel neuro-symbolic approach to relational search based on combining Large Language Models (LLM) with knowledge graphs (KG). It is argued that by using curated KG data and data models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation, hallucinations of LLMs can be mitigated and relational search extendedalso to web resources external to the underlying cloud of KGs. As a practical use case, first results of using the method for knowledge discovery as part of the new web service SampoSampo – Connecting Everything to Everything Else are presented.

Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries PublicationsVol. 8(1)
University of Helsinki (FI), Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (FI), Aalto University (FI)
European Commission, Suomen Kulttuurirahasto, China Scholarship Council
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 38%
Advanced Graph Neural Networks
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