A meta-analysis of smoking and fracture risk to update the FRAX® tool
Our results confirm the association between current smoking and increased fracture risk that is partly independent of BMD; these data will be used to inform future iterations of FRAX.
Authors
- F A Anderson
- Alyssa B. Dufour (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-9599)
- Mark A. Kotowicz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-1411)
- Serge Ferrari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-4417)
- Rosemary Hollick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6558-7189)
- Jose ́ A. P. da Silva
- A.-M. Schott
- DAN MELLSTROM
- Berit Schei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-4985)
- R. Chapurlat
- Stephen Cummings (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-2075)
- Heike A. Bischoff‐Ferrari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-658X)
- Martijn Huisman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-6759)
- Marian Schini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-2095)
- JUNKO TAMAKI
- Cecilie L. Bager (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-9777)
- Peter Nordström (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-508X)
- Thomas Merlijn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-6488)
- E. Sornay‐Rendu
- Jill J. Hall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-1667)
- B Obermayer-Pietsch
- T. van Staa
- Magnus K. Karlsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-5928)
- K. Åkesson
- T. O’neill
- Kurt Lippuner
- MCarola Zillikens
- Masayuki Iki
- Sophia Ish-Shalom
- Yuki Fujita
- Joan Vila (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0413-9291)
- Julie A. Pasco
- C. Christiansen
- K. Siggeirsdóttir
- Glüer Cc
- Enwu Liu
- Douglas P Kiel
- Reijo Sund
- Graeme Jones
- Sundeep Khosla
- Pawel Szulc
- H. Johansson
- N C Harvey
- Eric S Orwoll
- V Gudnason
- Karin MA Swart
- Noriko Yoshimura
- Carolyn J. Crandall
- Anne-Marie Schott
- Nicole C. Wright
- Bagher Larijani
- Olivier Lamy
- Nicholas J. Wareham
- Tuan V. Nguyen
- Cyrus Cooper
- John A. Eisman
- Jane A. Cauley
- Anna Nordström
- Eugene V. McCloskey
- Claes Ohlsson
- Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Woon-Puay Koh
- Timothy Kwok
- Emmanuel Biver
- Natasja M. van Schoor
- Mari Hoff
- Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Mattias Lorentzon
- Rafael Azagra-Ledesma
- Heikki Kröger
- Marta Zwart
- David Goltzman
- Arnulf Langhammer
- William D. Leslie
- Inbal Goldshtein
- Didier Hans
- Saeko Fujiwara
- John A. Kanis
Institutions
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (FR)
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Tufts University (US)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Kansai Medical University (JP)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Barwon Health (AU)
- Institut Català d'Ornitologia (ES)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of Namur (BE)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Liège (BE)
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- University of Iceland (IS)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Flinders University (AU)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Universitat de Girona (ES)
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ES)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Levanger Hospital (NO)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- California Pacific Medical Center (US)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Kuopio University Hospital (FI)
- Region Västra Götaland (SE)
- Hong Kong Jockey Club (HK)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SG)
- St Olav's University Hospital (NO)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- Pasqual Maragall Foundation (ES)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (US)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (ES)
- Felix Platter-Hospital (CH)
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health (GB)
- Western Health (AU)
- Arthritis UK (GB)
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
- Pharmo Institute (NL)
- St Vincent's Clinic (AU)
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot (FR)
- Hebrew SeniorLife (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (ES)
- Hospital Del Mar (ES)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Skåne University Hospital (SE)
- Nordic Bioscience (Denmark) (DK)
- Oxford BioMedica (United Kingdom) (GB)
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- GGD Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- Icelandic Heart Association (IS)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ES)
- Elisha Hospital (IL)
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (ES)
- MRC Epidemiology Unit (GB)
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
- Clinical Research Center Kiel (DE)
- Maccabi Institute for Health Services Research (IL)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- University of York (GB)
- Monash University (AU)
- Geneva College (US)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Yasuda Women's University (JP)
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences (JP)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Kindai University (JP)
- The University of Notre Dame Australia (AU)
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Osteoporosis International
- Published
- 2026-03-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-026-07853-6
- Primary Topic
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00